If slopes are to be deter- mined in% or to be staked out, e.g. for gutters, pipelines or foundations, two different methods are available.
1. With a level
Measure the height difference and the distance (either optically with the stadia hairs with the tape). The slope is calculated as follows: 100 ∆H / D = slope in %
2. With a theodolite or total station
place the instrument on a point along the straight line the slope of which is to be deter- mined, and position a staff at a second point along that line.
Using the talescope, determine the instrument height i at the staff. The vertical- circle reading giving the zenith angel in gon or degrees can be reset to that the slope can be read off directly in %. The distance is irrelevant.
A reflector pole fitted with a prism can be used instead of the staff. Extend the reflector pole to the instrument height i and use the telescope to target the centre of the prism.
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